L'Art de doubler

Anežka Drozdová

Just as variety and change are the core principles of nature itself, they seem to be essential for music, too. This research examines doubles in the repertoire for flute between 1700–1750 as a specific type of variation. Originating as a vocal tradition of embellishing the second verses of airs de cour, the tradition continued in instrumental music by creating doubles mostly for songs and dance forms, such as Menuet, Gavotte or Sarabande and remained popular until it gradually evolved into the variation form in the second half of the 18th century. The role of the flute in this repertoire is unique thanks to the vogue of the airs the cour among flautists and composers for flute. The presented exposition traces the development of doubles in the flute repertoire of the first half of the 18th century. Highlighting the variety of unique compositional styles, the research distinguishes between three typological categories of doubles: diminutive, ornamental, and those presented in sets of variations, typical of a Galant sonata. The examination and analysis of a representative number of doubles led me to extract elements and patterns, typical for each category, and, in turn, this thorough study of the doubles allowed me to play them with a better understanding. Finally, the synthesis of both the theoretical and empirical approaches provided enough information and inspiration to compose doubles for other musical pieces from the same period. These newly composed doubles are included in the collection titled L’Art de doubler, attached to the exposition.

Blavet, Michel. Premiére Recueil de pieces. Paris: Le Clerc, 1744. https://imslp.org/wiki/Premier_recueil_de_pieces_(Blavet%2C_Michel).

Dôthel, Niccolo. 6 Sonatas, op. 2. London: John Walsh. https://imslp.org/wiki/6_Sonatas%2C_Op.2_(D%C3%B4thel%2C_Niccol%C3%B2).

Granom, Lewis. 12 Flute sonatas, op. 1. London: J. Simpson. https://imslp.org/wiki/12_Flute_Sonatas%2C_Op.1_(Granom%2C_Lewis).

Hotteterre, Jacques-Martin. Airs et Brunettes. Paris: Hotteterre & Boivin, 1710-1730. https://imslp.org/wiki/Airs_et_brunettes_%C3%A0_2_et_3_dessus_pour_les_flutes_traversi%C3%A8res_(Hotteterre%2C_Jacques).

Hotteterre, Jacques-Martin. Premier livre de pieces, op. 2. Paris: Christophe Ballard, 1708. https://imslp.org/wiki/Pi%C3%A8ces_pour_la_fl%C3%BBte_traversiere,_Op.2_(Hotteterre,_Jacques).

Kleinknecht, Jakob Friedrich. 6 Flute sonatas, op. 1.Nürnberg: Giovanni Udalrico Haffner, 1748. https://imslp.org/wiki/6_Flute_Sonatas,_Op.1_(Kleinknecht,_Jakob_Friedrich).

Lambert, Michel. Airs à une, II. III. et IV. parties avec la basse-continue. Paris: Christophe Ballard, 1689. https://imslp.org/wiki/Airs_%C3%A0_une%2C_II._III._et_IV._parties_avec_la_basse-continue_(Lambert%2C_Michel).

Lambert, Michel. Les airs de Monsieur Lambert. Paris: Richer, 1660. https://imslp.org/wiki/Les_airs_de_Monsieur_Lambert_(Lambert%2C_Michel).

Lavaux, Nicola. 6 Flute sonatas, op. 2. Paris: Boivin, 1742. https://imslp.org/wiki/6_Flute_Sonatas%2C_Op.2_(Lavaux%2C_Nicolas).

Locatelli, Pietro Antonio. 12 Flute sonatas, op. 2. Amsterdam: Pietro Antonio Locatelli, 1732. https://imslp.org/wiki/12_Flute_Sonatas,_Op.2_(Locatelli,_Pietro_Antonio).

Montéclair, Michel Pignolet de. Brunettes anciènes et modernes appropriees ala flute traversiere avec une basse d'accompagnement. Paris: Boivin, 1720. https://books.google.nl/books/about/Brunetes_anci%C3%A8nes_et_modernes_apropri%C3%A9.html?id=gDRUyueirrMC&redir_esc=y.

Platti, Giovanni. 6 Flute sonatas, op. 3.Nürnberg: Johann Ulrich Haffner 1743. https://imslp.org/wiki/6_Flute_Sonatas%2C_Op.3_(Platti%2C_Giovanni_Benedetto).

Quantz, Johann Joachim. Fantasies and Preludes, Giedde 1.45. Manuscript mu 6310.0860. https://imslp.org/wiki/Fantasies_and_Preludes%2C_Giedde_I.45_(Quantz%2C_Johann_Joachim).

Reinards, William. 6 Flute sonatas, op. 2. The Hague & Amsterdam: B. Hummel; J. J. Hummel. https://imslp.org/wiki/6_Flute_Sonatas%2C_Op.2_(Reinards%2C_William).

Vodička, Václav. 8 Sonatas, op. 2. Paris: Boivin, 1742-45. https://imslp.org/wiki/8_Sonatas%2C_Op.2_(Vodi%C4%8Dka%2C_V%C3%A1clav).

Wiedemann, Carl Friedrich. 12 Flute sonatas, op. 5. London: John Walsh. https://imslp.org/wiki/12_Flute_Sonatas%2C_Op.5_(Weideman%2C_Carl_Friedrich).

<<< The previous page (Bibliography)

The following page (Appendix 1) >>>

Tip

Tip

Anežka Drozdová - L'Art de doubler - 2025