Matilde Meireles
Matilde Meireles is a sound artist and researcher who makes use of field recordings to compose site-oriented projects. Her work has a multi-sensorial and multi-perspective critical approach to site, where Matilde investigates the potential of listening across spectrums as ways to encounter and articulate a plural experience of the world — human and otherwise. These range from the inner architectures of reeds and complex water ecologies, to the local neighbourhood, resonances in everyday objects, and the architecture of radio signals. She often highlights collaboration and participation as catalysts for a shared understanding of place, developing project-based or long-term collaborations. Her work is presented regularly in the form of concerts, installations, releases, and community-based projects.
She holds a PhD in Sonic Arts from the Sonic Arts Research Centre, Queen’s University Belfast, and is currently a Postdoctoral Research Fellow at University of Oxford in the project Sonorous Cities: Towards a Sonic Urbanism (SONCITIES).
Different angles that point to a similar understanding of
knowledge and creation. Four intersections with
the physical and operational territory of OSSO.
Fragments of texts, ideas, excerpts, citations, images,
images of excerpts, excerpts of images. Partial maps,
partial views, traces of thoughts, walks, paths and plants.
Joana Braga was challenged to dive into the territory
where OSSO is situated, and to create an essay
from that experience. Throughout 2021, Joana
experimented and developed relations with the collective,
the village, the surrounding land, its people and plants.
A situated process that truly took place and expanded
to a series of future projects and collaborations
with members of OSSO. Her text reinforces Michael’s idea
of the “detailed views” with Benjamin’s immersion into
the details of the world. Fragments that are excerpts
that are grafts (enxertos) that become new fragments.
Teresa Luzio was also able to be physically present
in our space for a five-day-long residency, in October 2020.
Her ongoing research project went through a transformation
prompted by the new frame she encountered:
a residency space in a rural setting, where a multidisciplinary
collective develops their activities, including the radio project,
where she was invited to present a sound-based work.
In this publication, Teresa revisits this same work,
as well as a set of fragments, detailed views that assemble
into a field of possible combinations, or exercises.
A dynamic territory made of incomplete patches distributed
irregularly in space, at varying distances.
Diogo Alvim
das Caldas da Rainha (ESAD.CR-IPLeiria) and is an integrated researcher at CESEM, FCSH-NOVA.
Sara Morais is part of the collective. She traversed Expansive Territories on different occasions, bringing her own detailed views and unique perspectives. For this publication, she proposed a set of transversal materials, derived from experimentations with filming a threshing-floor
while in preparation for an altogether different project happening alongside Joana’s residencies at OSSO. These short moving images
are intended to traverse, contaminate and convey new meanings
to the other essays. The threshing-floor Sara filmed, an interval
in the irregular surface of the ground, is itself irregular.
With cracks, patterns of moss, fungi and remains of plants blown
randomly by the wind. They compose an ambiguous landscape
that can be mistakenly perceived as an aerial view — a different
scale that reveals different territories when we change
our way of seeing.
The master students of Graphic Design (ESAD), led by lecturer
and designer António Gomes, were invited to react to the essays
and add yet another dimension to the publication. They were given
a complex task, one that aimed at a design that would further expand
the reach of the essays. Their commitment and creativity
was remarkable and generated many creative responses beyond
our expectations. Although only one proposal could be selected,
all projects contributed to enrich our own different readings,
and to join our partial views.
Traditionally, threshing was followed by winnowing, a process that consists of throwing the mix of grains into the air so that the wind would blow away and separate the chaff from the grain. Erratic and transformative, the wind as exhalation of territories.
Teresa Luzio
Artist books, analog videos and photographs are traces
of her performances, defined by no public attending,
or her presence is by chance. Her work arises from what
she observes, whether it is a place, an object, or a situation,
to disturb its configuration, to go through it as a way of perceiving
things. Teresa graduated between Portugal and Germany.
She has a Masters in public art and new artistic strategies
(Weimar) and a PhD in performance from Faculdade de Belas Artes da Universidade do Porto (FBA.UP).
She has been a lecturer at Escola Superior de Artes e Design das Caldas da Rainha (ESAD.CR-IPLeiria) since 2008.
Sara Morais
directs and edits several media.
pieces for RTP/Antena 1 and 2, namely Histórias de Rios.
Also researches for and directs the TV series Terra - histórias da cerâmica e Jóias, para que vos quero? broadcasted by RTP2.
do Bairro Alto, in Lisbon, among other cultural entities.
As screenwriter collaborates in feature film Légua directed
by Filipa Reis and João Miller Guerra. Publishes the film/book
desvio/padrão, along with Joana Morais, about Maria Keil's
work on tile (azulejo). Studies Film and Communication
in Universidade Nova de Lisboa. Also in ESTC and Maumaus.
Currently living in Lisbon, after moving from Madrid, Oporto and The Netherlands.
António Silveira Gomes
Born in South Africa where he studied Graphic Design (1991-92) at Johannesburg University (f. Witwatersrand Technikon). Finished studying (1997) at the Faculdade de Belas Artes, Universidade de Lisboa (FBA-UL).
Co-founded studio barbara says… (c.1997). Ph.D. (2017)
in Contemporary Art (Design Studies) at Universidade
de Coimbra, is currently a guest lecturer at Escola Superior ESAD.CR - IPLeiria, and a researcher at Laboratório
de Investigação em Design e Artes - IPLeiria. Awarded with
a certificate of Typographic Excellence in 2010 and member of the Alliance Graphique Internationale (AGI).
In working closely with cultural national and international institutions, artists, publishers, and social development projects; António has extended his professional and academic practice, as curator and research author, focussing on areas such as art/design history, material culture, design pedagogy, editorial design and network cultures.
The visual essay that I present appears in a phase
that is temporally distant from the residency period
(December 2021). It results as a need to attribute
visuality, therefore, to show the infinity
of the spatialization of this body and parts
of the books’ texts.
[/] In the final phase of the residency I developed
a sound piece, which materializes a possible
relationship between the books, determined
by the encounter between my body
and its different contents.[\]
[/] From the various arrangements of the books
on the orange floor and on the gray foam plinths,
my movement through space was determined
by the various possibilities of reading the books, and[\]
Rita Oliveira
Graduated in Graphic Design and Multimedia at
Escola Superior de Artes e Design das Caldas da Rainha
(ESAD.CR-IPLeiria), and is currently finishing her Master's
degree in Graphic Design, at the same instituition
Her focus in the field of graphic design relies in the use of analogic techniques as a complement to the digital work, applying this same principle to the project of the dissertation about the representation of feminist and queer narratives.
When she's not in front of a computer, you can find her at flea markets looking for the next publication to add to her growing collection.
[/] Upon my arrival at the place, I distributed
books in the space that[\]
[/] was granted to me, books brought
in a suitcase that were in my studio waiting
to be read,[\]
[/] From these brief walks, I brought inside natural
elements that I found, putting them in relation
to some pages of the books.[\]
The microphone, a fixed axis in space,
is the means by which it is possible to hear,
and thus compose a mental image
of the spatialization of this body and contents.
[/] the images in the books, from which
I recognized improvised relationships between
the contents, and from this process, mental
images emerged that I wrote down in parallel.[\]
The readings were paused by walks through the surrounding
natural territory, made possible by the sunshine in between
the periods of rain.
[/] For five days (October 2020) I took part in the artistic
research residency “Expansive Territories”, organized
by the association OSSO (São Gregório, Caldas da Rainha). [\]
[/] around subjects that I research
in my artistic and teaching practice
(ESAD.CR), such as: movement, image,
incorporation, Art, what it means
to teach “Art”, what it is supposed
to teach in “Art”, and the importance
of the curriculum of a subject.[\]
[/] I recognize in this project the principle
of a method based on the relationship
between artistic practice as research
and teaching practice, aimed at finding
means of visual, sound or spatial
transcription, linked to the creative process. [\]
[/] But not only that.
The essay grafts/excerpts is composed of small sections (fragments or excerpts)
along which the reader can wander, eventually following several paths.
The starting and ending fragments are always the same.
In two of the fragments, I grafted excerpts from The Life of Plants: A Metaphysics
of Mixture by Emanuelle Coccia. These excerpts were randomly selected from
a larger selection of parts of the book that had affinity with the issues addressed here.
When we find a place we cannot decode with our incorporated
references, we feel foreign. An invisible distance separates
us from its rhythms, texture, and architecture. OSSO became
a home as soon as I arrived, but I faced the village
of São Gregório as a foreigner.
I went out looking for a place
where to drink a coffee.
I slammed shut the blue gate and followed in the direction
of a sign with the image of a coffee cup, branded with a Greek
delta, nailed to a post by the road — maybe an old bus stop.
Closer to the post, I saw no coffee shop, just a small private lawn.
I kept on going, up the street walking on the tarmac, since there
were no sidewalks. An open field interrupts the line of houses
and broadens my horizon. Several heavy machines lurk around,
as idle as the dog under a sunshade or the heap of firewood
lying under a makeshift structure.
“Firewood for sale”, I can read on a sign.
In the background, fields unfold down the hills, a composition
of bare earth rectangles and a variety of polygons drawn
by the orderly lines of fruit trees.
I keep on cli
The street, which is a road, is now compressed between
two stone and concrete walls, two continuous lines of houses.
There is no one else on the street, the coffee shop is closed.
Through the gaps between the house’s walls,
I can see the cultivated hills spreading in the distance.
I take a few steps down the sloping alley.
It is not just the sight that is astonishing, the soundscape changes very quickly, and the odours too.
[/] I slowed my pace as I approached the large stone
pine that overlooks the orchards and the cultivated
fields that stretch into the distant horizon. I sat under
its shadow, on a rock beside its trunk.
From this vantage point, I gaze at the landscape spread
out in front of me, surprised by its vegetal geometries,
a reticulated pattern of fields shaped by the topography.
Evenly spaced, the lines of apple trees curve along
the slopes interrupted by small, dense islands
of various shades or dark green masses, the residues
of the surviving forest and the eucalyptus that has come
to replace it. Sight places us before a world that unfolds
in front of us.
Again, I feel a distance growing between
me and the place. The aesthetic dimension of this
landscape is the result of a human labour directed
towards agricultural productivity. These apple trees
are objects of mass production, subject to strict control
of their growth to facilitate the harvesting of the fruit.
But here they are also the predominant sentient lives
that draw this magnificent landscape. Although,
at this distance, the place expresses the instrumental
relationship humans imposed on plants, other
intertwinings will emerge from other perspectives.
How is this place perceived by the apple trees?
Or by this lonely stone pine?
I direct my attention at its trunk,
and at the stone where I sit. I look at their textures
and notice their details. Sight can also be haptic.
I use my body to acknowledge my environment.
To dive again.
I tasted the pine scent
but could not find the right words to describe it.
How can a smell be translated into words? Smell
is the presence of another within us. A vivid presence
that impresses the senses and changes us with each
breath. Is smell a particular form of encounter?
I stayed by the pine for a while,
trying to grasp its uniqueness. Lonely, imposing,
rooted in a patch of red soil by the side of the road.
Perhaps its roots, deep inside this red earth, come
across other beings. The tree, it might not be solitary
at all. A web of many branches of varied widths
and millions of needle-shaped leaves, its immense
canopy towers over the breadth of the road and the last
apple trees on the rows that go down the slope.
It embraces my body and offers me its shade.
There are some vertical indentations on the rough husk
of its expansive trunk, fissures woven of juxtaposed
textured blades, the marks of the duration of its life.
I press my hand against the bark
and move it, scratching my own skin.
Has it felt it? How does the tree perceive my presence?
[/] The small path that starts at the workshop’s
back gate ends in a circular concrete terrace,
grown over by weeds, almost hidden. The seasonal
cycle seems to be inscribed on its dark surface
in the form of a composition of a variety of lighter
spots. The concrete’s discoloration is akin
to a cartography of the threshing floor’s life:
the bales of cereal that were gathered here,
the movements of the persons who threshed
and sieved them, the children’s games,
the rainwater pouring through the cracks, irrigating
the grass that now crumbles the concrete. An intense
aroma announces the presence of a line of eucalyptus
trees just ahead.
(CRACK, CRACK).
CRACK,
The rhythm of my stride breeds its own rhythm
of thinking, echoing the rhythms of the landscape
I am walking through. The bushes sway in the wind.
Flying or perched on the trees, the birds sing.
The acorns click as they fall on the pine needles
carpeting the ground
(PLOFF,
PLOFF,
PLOFF).
I remember a quote by Rebecca Solnit,
from her book Wanderlust.
“[…] the passage through a landscape
echoes or stimulates the passage
through a series of thoughts.
This creates an odd consonance
between internal
and external passage,
one that suggests that
the mind is also
a landscape of sorts
and that walking is one way
to traverse it.”
The movement of the body — and the sensitive
details of the environment we move through
and are immersed in — sets thought in motion,
reflecting in myriad ways the facticity of the spaces,
beings and things that share the world with us.
Momentarily, the boundaries between
interior
and exterior are blurred,
and the sway of the grass clicks my
shoulder blade and its clack
(CRACK, CRACK).
CRACK,
is also in the bird’s song.
I am no longer a foreigner in the village, I blend in with the place and with the beings that live here.
I continue towards it and reach the road.
I walk with a long stride, shifting my weight
between one leg and the other, swaying each
arm in sync with its opposite leg.
I feel my toes pressing into the asphalt,
the muscles in my calves stretching;
the shoulder blades click softly as I swing my arms
[/] I move my body in a constant rhythm,
immersed in the place’s vegetal atmosphere,
paying attention to its modulations.
When walking, we perceive ourselves
and the space in which we are immersed
through the interactions we spin as we move.
After a while, the sounds I hear begin to blur:
the birds, the rustlings of leaves,
the agricultural machine working in the distance,
the large freezer in the background, my footsteps,
they all merge and become undistinguishable.
They mix in a composition of moving flows
in which I am immersed and involved.
Suddenly, they are joined by a deep, resonant sound,
that seems to approach me from behind. Curious,
I turn my body around
and see a huge beetle approaching.
I jump out of its way and take
cover among the branches of the large
bushes on the side of the road.
Its sound and movement stun and startle me.
Only a few seconds later, as if waking from
a dream, do I realise that it is some kind
of motorised machine driving along the road.
Composing myself,
I waved my arm at the driver.
I later learned that it was a vehicle
that sprays the orchards with fungicides.
I wondered the reason for its beetlelike shape.
[/]
Grafting
Grafting consists in growing the upper part of a plant, called
the scion,
on the lower part of another plant,
the rootstock.
The two plants can be from the same species or from a related
species and it is only successful when the vascular tissues
of both fuse and start to grow together. In grafted plants,
the radicular system grows from the rootstock and the aerial
part can grow only from the scion or be shared with the rootstock.
Grafting is also used as a form of plant asexual reproduction.
In Manual de Botânica, by Carlos Aguiar.
Graft
noun
1a: the growth or an individual resulting from the union of scion
and stock: a grafted plant (as a rosebush)
<some excellent two-year-old grafts on dwarf rootstocks>
<an expert can turn out a surprising number of grafts in a day>
b: scion
c: the point of insertion of a scion upon a stock
<the graft should be high enough to prevent the formation of scion roots>
also: the area of joining of scion and stock in grafting
<a poor graft may break after several years satisfactory growth>
2a: the act of grafting or of joining one thing to another as if by grafting
<once the nerve is exposed, a careful graft of fascia must be performed — Timothy Deer>
b: something grafted in this way; specifically: a piece of living tissue
used in grafting
Excerpt
noun
a passage (as from a book or musical composition) selected, performed, or copied : EXTRACT
Excerpt
verb
excerpted; excerpting; excerpts
transitive verb
1 to select (a passage) for quoting: EXTRACT
2 to take or publish extracts from (something, such as a book)
In Merriam-Webster
Expansive Territories is the theme underlying
a program of artistic research activities
developed by OSSO - Associação Cultural,
and coordinated by Diogo Alvim and Matilde
Meireles since January 2020, and culminating
in this publication, hosted in an editorial
partnership by the Unesco Chair in Arts
Management and Culture,
Cities and Creativity
of the Polytechnic
of Leiria. It is a small
editorial project that
seeks to establish
relationships between
different perspectives and modes
of operation in artistic research,
as well as between different institutions.
All my attention was focused on the apple
trees’ creased scars. Close to the line
where they emerge from the soil,
their thin trunks always bear the mark
of a disproportionate growth with irregular
curvilinear contours. It was as if swollen
tumours had emerged from all those
young plant bodies, some of them cracking
the tree’s skin and exposing their innards.
Astonished, I observed how the stems
kept rising above those growths with
intensity and as the trees blossomed
and bore fruit, immersed in the light.
The shapes that disturbed me were scars
of some violent event in the life of these
plants, a violence that did not interrupt
their development, but rather produced
these monstrous shapes in their multiform
bodies. Diving my attention and body into
the details of each of these beings, I noticed
fragments of a kind of rubber casing clinging
to the small monstrosities. I noticed that
some of the scars were more tenuous: small
bumps, from which, besides the dominant stem
passionately shooting towards the sky, a small
dormant branch grew. These trees, which had
apparently been less abused in the past,
produced plum-sized apples in unexpected
quantities. I thought that human bodies must
have had acted on these trees with some
purpose, leaving tuberous scars on their vegetal
bodies. The plants with smaller outgrowths
are the ones that bear the strange small fruits.
As if something had been skewed in its development.
I imagined that, on those particular plant beings,
human action had had some unexpected result.
Ignorant of the fundamentals of agricultural
techniques, I did not recognise them as the grafts
that are usually spliced into fruit trees.
However, my speculations were in tune with
the reality of their lives. Those tuberous forms
were the marks of the grafts imposed by humans
on the trees, scars from the process of joining
the vascular tissues of two beings, memories
of the rooted body’s open wound onto which
was grafted an excerpt of the fruiting plant.
OSSO is a cultural association and multidisciplinary
collective that includes artists and researchers
from areas such as music and sound art, visual arts,
photography, performance, architecture, and cinema.
Created in 2012, OSSO is funded by the Ministry
of Culture and other non-academic entities. Although
we develop partnerships with academic institutions,
our program does not respond to the constraints of
academic formalities that sometimes condition the
volatility of artistic practice; particularly in Portugal
where traditional academic settings still do not
recognize the practical or experimental dimension
of research present in artistic residencies.
The context we created in São Gregório, Caldas
da Rainha, allowed us to expand towards open
practices of research. Expansive Territories emerged
in this context. The project aimed to understand and
expand the processes of artistic practice as research
through residencies, roundtables, radio talks
and a workshop. The main goal of our residency
program was to allow artistic projects from different
disciplines and backgrounds to intersect, to dialogue
and affect each other. Expansive Territories extended this ethos
to artistic research. It was a subprogram of OSSO’s general
activities, focused on artistic projects formally or institutionally
framed as research. The push to acknowledge that any
creative process is a kind of research, was our way to join
many artists, institutions, universities or other more informal
groups like our own, and contribute to a wider discussion about
artistic research.
Artistic research has gained momentum and recognition in the last
decade. It continues to be fostered by an ever-expanding
community, a growing number of dedicated journals, international
conferences, and promoted by academic and non-academic
institutions like the Society for Artistic Research.
Together, they outlined a possible frame and have been
pushing it forward as epitomized in their policy document
Vienna Declaration on Artistic Research. Eschewing terms such
as practice-based or practice-led, arguments for Artistic
Research have been trying to challenge the “practice-theory
deadlock” emphasizing the “importance of self-determination
for artists in regard to which part of their research may be
considered ‘practice’ or ‘theory’” (Schwab 2019, 27).
One way of doing this is through the notion of Exposition
with which the Journal for Artistic Research has pioneered
creating the Research Catalogue, an online platform
for the publication of research output, in a variety of flexible
and creative formats. In fact, output is not quite an adequate term
for what may come out of artistic research, hence Exposition.
An exposition is a moment of presentation, though not an exhibition.
Although they share some elements “to the degree that [they]
may sometimes coincide” (ibid, 28), an exposition can be
understood in a wider frame as a non-predetermined articulation
of artistic research, where its epistemic implications are
recognized beyond “some form of sensory or experiential input”
(ibid, 32). Expositions do not exhaust themselves in a one-way communication, as the actual practice of exposing feeds back into
the development of the research, affecting the creative process.
They do not represent artistic practice, they are “events that problematise” and affect what is being exposed (ibid, 28 and 30).
In that sense, our perspective was to promote a context for
a specific practice where the knowledge generated in each
creative process could be articulated, exposed, and shared in unconventional ways.
In February 2020, we launched an open call for artists/ researchers. When the handful of proposals selected by OSSO (Diogo Alvim
and Matilde Meireles), Pedro Rebelo (Sonic Arts Research Centre,
Queen’s University Belfast) and Raquel Castro (Lisboa Soa;
Invisible Places; research fellow at CICANT - Lusófona),
was to be announced, the Covid-19 pandemic emerged putting
everything into a halt. As many others, we had to rethink and
replan all our activities. It is now difficult to retrace the sequence
of cancellations, postponements, restructurings that took place
during 2020. But this new inherent instability only reinforced
our need to continue fostering creative spaces of debate.
Our critical approach to the planned activities led to a renewed
and fertile experimentation program.
Each residency was planned to culminate in an open day,
an event promoted by OSSO, where the residency space
would be opened to the public (local community and wider
artistic community), and results of the residency or processes
were to be shared and archived. But because of the pandemic,
this format had to be rethought. The experience of accompanying
several artists/researchers in different residence formats, made us engage further with this notion of exposition, expanding it
in time to comprehend the residency itself. These were even
more so, spaces of continuous exchange of ideas, knowledge,
and experiences between the artists involved and the collective,
and at times, an audience. Artistic residencies, understood
as a kind of expanded expositions, create unique conditions for
the interweaving of different creative processes, the overlap
of different artistic territories.
Eira emerged in this context allowing us to remain connected.
Eira is a radio project that started as a possible ethereal space,
capable of hosting (replacing) the artistic residencies programmed
for that year but, more than that, it became a platform that
As an opposition to the direct course of intention
that leads a subject to a knowledge of the exterior
world that reduces living and non-living beings
to objects to be possessed, Walter Benjamin proposed
an entering and disappearing of the subject into truth,
which can only be met through a total immersion in the
details of the world. Freeing ourselves from the notion
of truth that does not seem to contribute to a full
apprehension of the world’s form, it seems fruitful
to practice new forms of approaching the details
of the environment that surrounds, envelops and transforms
us, the environment we move through and (also) transform.
To find dispositions that favour hearing to sight,
in which our gaze becomes tactile; to create compositions
that suggest an idea of the human as a body of elements
implicated in a field of events, and not as subjects
confronted with a world of things and objects.
To walk and to stop
are modulations of the daily movement
of human bodies that stimulate the centrality
of “body space”, in other words,
the haptic experience that opens
the body to the flows of varying
intensities that make up the
world. These have been the
ways I have found to
experience immersion
in the details of the
world of events
I am a part of.
encompassed and potentiated different moments of encounter,
dialogue, exposition, collaboration, experimentation,
and improvisation. Starting in June 2020, Eira embodied
an alternative operative space for the collective, while occupying
two different public spaces: that of FM radio, reaching
the local community by air; and the digital rhizome
of the Internet. The name Eira (meaning threshing-floor)
refers to an actual threshing-floor that exists in the property
where OSSO is settled. A threshing-floor was, in old days,
where grain was threshed, but also a place where people would
meet, work together, sing work songs. A shared experience
and a bounded communal space defined by a smooth,
levelled surface, a recess in the fields, that hosted and enabled community rituals, bonds, a territory.
All residencies were redesigned based on the new radio platform
and its affordances. We proposed the selected researchers,
not so much a remote residency, but one hosted in this
ethereal space. A sound work that could somehow expose
a part of the research questions and hesitations encountered
along the process, and the territories traversed.
The summer brought some hope and reassurance, and the
possibility of being physically together became somewhat tangible.
We started hosting a few national artists in person, and slowly
regained confidence amid facial masks and the smell of hand
sanitizer in the air. But this air was already impregnated by
the radio waves of Eira, a territory expanded.
The title Expansive Territories worked as a conceptual model
for all the activities developed within this program.
We hoped that its vague and ambivalent postulation would
provoke and stimulate a discussion across all projects
and artists involved. Each artist-researcher would bring their
own artistic practice, their creative processes, territories,
and expose, confront, overlap and deterritorialize their practice
through the confrontation and juxtaposition of their work with
that of the other residents and the collective.
Plants do not run,
plants do not fly, plants stay
where they are. For plants, the world
is the land where they are rooted, the wind
that blows on them, and the sky from where
light and rain pour down. Plants perceive
the world with their entire bodies. They develop
a body that privileges surface over volume. Their
leaves are the fabric of cosmic interconnectedness
that produced our atmosphere through photosynthesis,
creating the conditions for their survival, but also
for the life of an infinite variety of beings,
bodies and histories.
Plants are an example of life-as-immersion.
Plant life is life as complete exposure. Plants are
radically exposed to their environment and their
actions have fundamentally changed our planet.
One cannot separate the plant — neither physically
nor metaphysically — from the world that accommodates it.
A state of immersion is not defined by being enveloped
by an environment that penetrates us, we also penetrate
the environment.
Paraphrasing Emanuele Coccia, by making the world
possible — the same world they are part of — plants
destroy the topological hierarchy that seems to inform
our worldview. Immersion is an action of reciprocal
penetration. If penetrating the environment overlaps
being penetrated by it, the boundaries between active
and passive become blurred. Humans are not plants,
they move in space and their world is potentially
infinite in extension. However, to walk is the
intentional act closest to the non-volitional rhythms
of the body, such as breathing and heartbeat.
Walking can be a passive activity. By walking,
we find a multiplicity of spaces and places and
— in this encounter — we reposition ourselves
in the world with the same action that creates it.
Walking can be a way of getting closer
to life-as-immersion.
By existing, plants have created a world in a planetary
scope. They eroded the boundaries between being and doing.
Knowledge and contemplation presuppose the existence
of a fixed, stable world, composed of identifiable
objects, placed before a subject, generally immobile
(so that they can have a point of view). In the world
of immersion, everything exists in movement with
varying degrees of permeability and this movement
is done with and within the subject. There is no clear
distinction between us and the rest of the world. When
acting or thinking, feeling or creating, we are dependent
and conditioned by the entire world and the concrete
situation we are in. At the same time, we are producing
this world and this situation, even if in a very small way,
even if only in the field of imagination.
We are experiencing living-as-immersion.
Plants made the world we live in; their existence
is at the genesis of human existence. They are life-
forms capable of altering the forms and lives of the
planet. Grafting is the joining of two plant bodies. Even
though this joining is forced by humans, the idea of mixture
is intimate to plants. Through their processes, they made matter
into life when they infested the aerial layer above the Earth’s crust
with oxygen, producing the atmosphere we know. Plants are the breath of all living beings, the world as breath. The air we breathe is not a geological ether, but a product of the life of other beings. To breathe means to be plunged into a medium that penetrates us in the same way and with the same intensity as we penetrate it. By breathing, we depend on the lives of others. We can think of grafting as a collaboration of humans to this radical joining, the world.
Grafting, and the graft, can be understood as forms of this
planetary mixture. They participate in the making of the world’s
form. As long as there are gestures that bring together bodies,
fragments or excerpts that share some affinity, new bodies
will be created, new life, new work, and a mixture emerges
through these grafting processes. A new body with the attributes
of those that have been combined, bearing the marks of that joining.
Right now, I am trying to graft excerpts
into textual fragments, to create a being
made of words and images.[\]
[/] Lewis Carroll in Sylvie and Bruno Concluded (1893)
and Jorge Luis Borges in On Exactitude in Science (1946)
fantasize about a map identical in size to the land
it represents. At a scale of 1:1, we might imagine
that such a map captures everything and that
every detail finds its representation on the map.
While of course a literary fiction at least for those
vast lands that such a map is said to cover, the
idea off which it plays does not seem so absurd:
that we might, indeed, one day create an archive
of knowledge – a map – able to capture
the details and complexities of the world,
if not the cosmos.
[/] Beyond what botany manuals explain,
grafting is a technique operated by humans
on the bodies of plants, which are often
seen as objects to be mass produced.
These lifeforms are reduced to what humans
call “resources”. As it is employed now,
in the context of industrial farming, grafting
becomes a technology that embodies
the relationship between humans and non-humans
within capitalism. Imagining the human species
since the advent of capitalism commits
us to the diffusion of alienation techniques that
have transformed human and non-human beings
and things into resources for capitalist exploitation.
As Anna Tsing stated, this confronts us with
the fact that modern philosophy’s notion of the human
— based on its supposedly exceptional character,
on the belief that solely the human has capacity
for self-reflexivity and self-determination,
and on the notion of its absolute independence
from its environment — remains operative, through
the assumption that attributes such as “intentionality
or “capacity for action” are unique to humans.
This conceptual framework imprisons all other beings,
conceived as dependent on humans, depriving
them of their world-making capacity. Thus,
the intertwining of life and vital spaces, the mixture
and immersion that characterize the world are hidden.
Grafting is the joining, decided and operated by humans,
of two compatible plant bodies. This joining seems
to provoke a convulsion in both beings, since
it always results in a monstrous scar. In grafting,
one acts on the bodies of others and imposes a mixture.
In industrial farming, the combination of these beings
is often done in a way that conditions the development
of the plant that emerges from this mixture. Apple
trees are grafted in such a way that they cannot grow
into trees, their body limited to brush like growths
that yield more apples and are easier to harvest.
We would have to think carefully how
we would draw such a map of everything.
That fact that the ground that would have
to be covered is not flat is just the first
difficulty. Like when we think of our own
planet, it is easy to forget that there are
no perfect, flat representations: the most
familiar maps use the Mercator projection,
Expressed in a map’s scale is the desired
level of accuracy. No one expects that a map drawn
to a scale of 1:25.000, for instance, will show a bump
in the road, not even, perhaps, at 1:10 ou 1:2.
But if we move to , or ‘to the things themselves’
(zu den Sachen selbst) as Edmund Husserl formulates
the phenomenological maxim, we rightly expect every detail
to be accounted for if it weren’t for the fact that under conditions
of virtual infinity, the counting and accounting of all details may
be pointless.
Joana Braga
Architect, artist and researcher. Her work articulates spatial, discursive,
visual and performative practices to explore the aesthetic experience
of space, and also its cultural, political and social dimensions. She
focuses on walking as an experimental practice and as a means
to research and expand our relationships with inhabited space.
She has experimented with research formats that articulate
the embodied experience of the territory with the assembly and
reconfiguration of traces inscribed therein, to question social space,
and the discourses, objects and practices that unfold it. Her activity
has been multifaceted, comprising artistic practice, research, curating
and writting. Recently, she presented the performative and sound walks:
Os Passos em Volta – Alcântara (The Steps Around – Alcântara, Jun. 2023)
and Os Passos em Volta – Trafaria (The Steps Around – Trafaria, Jun. 2022),
with Diogo Alvim; A Cada Passo, uma Constelação (Each Step a Constellation,
Oct. 2019), Partituras para Ir (Scores to Walk, Jun. 2019); and the installation
passos em volta do enxerto (steps around grafting, Dec. 2022), with Sara Morais.
Joana has a grant from IFILNOVA, developing the thesis Thought and Expression
in the Work of Walter Benjamin. Postgraduate studies in Architecture of Contemporary Metropolitan Territories (ISCTE-IUL) and Bioclimatic Architecture (FA-UL).
If we include time, it would only ever be possible
to create the desired representation of a specific
moment in time and only if the counting of all details
itself happens in an instant.
which stretches what is close to the poles to such a degree that the maps
of those regions are rendered unusable. This can be dealt with by using
other projections, but there are always trade-offs and marginalized areas.
Better would be a three-dimensional map – a globe – but even then, we have to be concerned
with its shape, for is the world really spherical (no, it isn’t) or regular (no, it isn’t)?
Expansive Territories became itself an extensive idea,
a motif (motivation), or borrowing from Deleuze and
Guattari, a refrain (ritournelle) (1987).
Territory is a multifaceted and dynamic concept
that has been progressively embraced by different
disciplines as a conceptual tool that facilitates the
understanding of social processes and relations
in a spatial frame. It “has been part of the theoretical
corpus in the diverse currents of geographical thought”,
and has expanded beyond the borders of this
discipline, to become an important methodological
concept in many other of the social sciences
(Llanos-Hernández 2010, 207). With this expansion,
territory became an “inter-disciplinary concept
that allows the study of new realities in the
social world within the current context of globalization,
and which manages to give central relevance
to the spatial dimension of the social processes
it studies” (ibid, 213). Thus, while it may in a first
instance refer to areas of land, zones, or domains, the concept of territory constitutes a “versatile manifestation of the social space as
This touches on the problem that real lines and surfaces
are not smooth. Depending on magnification and, hence,
proportion, a surface may appear flat or rugged. In fact,
regardless whether we think of fractal geometry as an
adequate expression for such boundaries, as Benoit
Mandelbrot argues in
How Long Is the Coast of Britain?,
«[…] geographical curves are so involved in their detail that their
lengths are often infinite ormore accurately, undefinable.’ .»
This is particularly true if we venture from the macro
to the micro level of reality and from there to the quantum level, where a measurement affects its result.
If we include time, it would only ever be possible to create the desired
representation of a specific moment in time and only if the counting
of all details itself happens in an instant. If I were to spend any amount
of timeon the mapping of reality, however short it was, who is to say that the moment
I am finished with it, what I started with would not already have changed?
My map would then recorda temporal slippage where two points on the map show
a visible spatial and an invisible temporal difference, the trace of the making process.
reproducer of the actions of social actors” (ibid, 213).
Territory then comprehends and articulates notions
such as identity and community, dominion
and control, appropriation, exploitation, exchange
or solidarity; it performs as a ground, foundation,
a space to dwell and act, but also one that operates as a
specific catalyst, in which human and physical patterns
take shape, reproduce, gain consistency, merge -
- assemble in a new reality.
Territories are therefore social constructs, products of
both human and other-than-human agency that
encompass physical, virtual, social, political, experiential
and affective spaces. They form identities, produce
meanings, unique perspectives, values, and ways
of living. Constructed from the manifestations
of everyday rituals, events, repeating patterns
that generate, as Deleuze and Guattari argue,
“the emergence of matters of expression (qualities)”
(Deleuze and Guattari 1987, 315), a territory can also
be understood as a field of knowledge, an area
of activity or experience, a discipline, where its exercise
materializes a way of doing, consolidates practice,
Indeed, if I need any time at all to make a map, the trajectory
of making starts to matter leading to a virtually infinite
set of temporally displaced mappings of the same dynamic reality,
which, don’t forget, will already be outdated the moment the representation is complete.
and specialization. In this sense, a “territory
is neither a spatial concept nor a material concept”
(Buchanan 2021, 96). It is not so much attached
to a physical site, as to a virtual space, a more or less volatile sensation: “the space of the territory cannot
easily be mapped or correlated with the proverbial
‘facts on the ground’. In many cases, the territory
has no specific spatial dimension, it is all ‘in our heads’,
and it is better understood as a feeling, or better yet
a sense of purpose. Rather than regard them
as spaces, it would be more useful and accurate
to see territories as subjective states in a psychological
sense” (ibid). Therefore, territories do not necessarily
have physical borders but always mental frames.
“The frame is what establishes territory out of the chaos
that is the earth. The frame is thus the first construction,
the corners, of the plane of composition. With no frame
or boundary there can be no territory, and without territory there may be objects or things but not qualities that can become expressive, that can intensify and transform living bodies.” (Grosz 2008, 11) Framing is demarcating, establishing form, order, structure. It delimits a field, creates a disjunction, an inside and an outside.
In this reality in
which we live,
many ask whether
adding further patches to the map will
ever lead to change. Some have investigated
new topologies, others look at the stiches, the thread
itself, even, that holds our lives together.
I have also seen people playing hopscotch on it,
inventing new rules for travel.
“The frame separates. It cuts into a milieu or space”
(Grosz 2008, 13). It is this provisional framing of chaos
that “produces extractable qualities, which become the
materials and formal structures of art” (ibid, 16).
Nevertheless, the frame (the limit of a territory, a discipline,
a creative process) is not fixed or stable as it takes shape from
a complex arrangement of qualities that keep being created,
and rearranged. Each territory is always a process, an act
(Deleuze and Guattari 1987, 314), that affects and is affected,
transformed, mutated into something new.
“A territory is always en route to an at least potential
deterritorialization, even though the new assemblage may
operate a deterritorialization” (ibid, 326). It is crossed by a
transversal line that connects, extends outwards,
a “specialized vector of deterritorialization” (ibid, 336).
It is a field in motion, continuously regenerated from the dynamic
contact with its neighbouring territories, with what is foreign,
external, with chaos.
As they intersect, territories feed from the transgression
of their borders. The frame is an interface between
mutating territories. The frame as a margin, is a territory itself,
the site of particular interferences where differences come
into contact, dialogue and exchange. They are in permanent transformation, generating new dimensions of convergence,
conversion, or conflict. Thus, the frame defines the territory but the territory transforms the frame, moving, pushing and disintegrating it. There is violence in the process, and Joana Braga’s text
acknowledges this in the scars left in plants by grafting.
A violence resulting from the merging of two beings
The size of our ignorance cannot even be estimated,
since those areas don’t even exist to be filled in.
The patches only loosely connected to sets
floating in a sea of nothing.
References
Buchanan, I. (2021). Assemblage Theory and Method. United Kingdom: Bloomsbury Academic.
Grosz, E. (2008). Chaos, territory, art : Deleuze and the framing of the earth. United Kingdom: Columbia University Press.
Guattari, F., Deleuze, G. (1987). A Thousand Plateaus: Capitalism and Schizophrenia. United Kingdom: University of Minnesota Press.
Haraway, D. (1988). Situated Knowledges: The Science Question in Feminism and the Privilege of Partial Perspective. Feminist Studies 14 (3): 575–599.
Krauss, R. (1979). Sculpture in the Expanded Field. October, 8, 30–44.
Llanos-Hernandez, L. (2010). The concept of territory and research in social sciences. Agricultura, sociedad y desarrollo [online]. 2010, vol.7, n.3, pp.207-220.
Schwab, M. (2019) Expositionality. In de Assis, P. and d’Errico, L. (Eds.), Artistic Research: Charting a Field in Expansion (pp. 27-45). United Kingdom: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
Aguiar, Carlos. 2018. Manual de Botânica. I. Estrutura e Reprodução. Bragança:
IPB-Instituto Politécnico de Bragança e CIMO-Centro de Investigação de Montanha.
Benjamin, Walter. 2004 [1928]. Prólogo Epistemológico-Crítico a Origem do Drama Trágico Alemão, traduzido por João Barrento. Lisboa: Assírio & Alvim: pp. 13-45.
Coccia, Emanuele. 2019. A Vida das Plantas: Uma Metafísica da Mistura, traduzido por Jorge Leandro Rosa. Lisboa: Sistema Solar (chancela Documenta).
Solnit, Rebecca. 2000. Wonderlust, A History of Walking. Nova Iorque: Penguin Books
Tsing, Anna Lowenhaupt .2015. The Mushroom at the End of the World: On the Possibilitiy of Life in Capitalist Ruins. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press.
Artaud, A. (2019). As Novas revelações do Ser & O Teatro de Séraphine. Lisboa:
Edição Sr Teste
Barthes, R. (2012). How to Live Together. Novelistic Simulations of Some Everyday Spaces. NY: Columbia University Press
Bataille, G. (2015). O Nascimento da Arte (1ª ed.). Lisboa: Sistema Solar
Beuys, J. (1972) We won’t do it without the rose, Because We Can No Longer Think
Baudelaire, C. (2009). Pintor da Vida Moderna (5ª ed.). Lisboa: Vega, Passagens
Correia, N. (2017). Não Percas a Rosa / Ó Liberdade, Brancura do Relâmpago.
Lisboa: Ponto de Fuga
Dufourmantelle, A. (2018). Power of Gentleness. Meditations on the risk of living (1ªed.) USA: Fordham University Press
Fraleigh, S. (2010). Butoh: Metamorphic Dance and Global Alchemy. Urbana, Chicago and Springfield: University of Illinois Press
Heidegger, M. (2000). A Origem da Obra de Arte. Lisboa: Edições 70
Hillesum, E. (2009). Cartas 1941-1943. Lisboa: Assírio & Alvim
Laban, R. (1971). Domínio do Movimento (2ª ed.). São Paulo: Summus editorial
Mendonça, J. T. (1997). Cântico dos Cânticos. Lisboa: Cotovia
Mendonça, J. T. (2015). Que coisa são as nuvens (1ª ed.). Paço de Arcos: Expresso (Impresa Publishing)
Pelton, A. (2019). Desert Transcendentalist. Munich: Hirmer Verlag
Pessoa, F. (1998). Mensagem. Lisboa: Assírio & Alvim
Semke, H. (2016). Cerâmicas de Hein Semke - Donation Teresa Balté, Museu Nacional do Azulejo, Lisboa
Silesius, A. (1991). A Rosa é sem porquê (1ª ed.). Lisboa: Vega, Passagens
Solnit, R. (2005). A Field Guide To Getting Lost. Edinburg: Canongate Books
Tavares, G. M. (2019). Atlas: do corpo e da imaginação. Lisboa: Relógio D’Água Editores
Still, in the map it can so happen that different times
become contemporaries. Depending how I proceeded
in drawing it, two regions could be seconds, years
or millennia apart. As my eyes move
from the one to the other region, I might move from the Middle Ages
to the twentieth century in a blink. And yet, the time of the map is never my time, since in the map, the work of knowledge is always
already done.
that nevertheless “did not interrupt their development”.
Like a graft between two plants, territories affect
and are affected, leaving scars, matters of expression,
marks of a new, even if temporary, expanded territory.
Territorialization, deterritorialization, and reterritorialization.
This movement is constant, rhythmic, always en route to
a potential new territory. A cyclic process, an alternating rhythm,
where “the body becomes intimately connected to and informed
by the peristaltic movements, systole and diastole, contraction
and expansion, of the universe itself.” (Grosz 2008, 16).
It is not so much the territory itself that matters, but its vectors,
movements, breathing. Breathing is an inter-penetrative act.
It is not only the body that enters a territory, but the territory
penetrates the body, with its qualities, properties, and scent.
As we read in Joana’s text, “Smell is the presence of another
within us. A vivid presence that impresses the senses
and changes us with each breath. Is smell a particular form
of encounter?”
There is something intriguing in the idea of territory as air,
not earth, but wind, something breathable. A territory defined
by erratic movement, volatile borders; that is not so much
invaded as it invades, through air and its contagious efficacy.
A territory that is not possessed but immerses, blows over,
transforms and is transformed in an irregular rhythm.
Like the wind — inconstant, unpredictable.
Expansive Territories comprehends expansion as a process of
perpetual motion – physical, social, political, conceptual, artistic.
There are also areas unaccounted for – as well as times, for that matter –
that no one has cared to investigate.
Under this theme, we supported artistic research projects
that engaged with its physical or natural dimensions,
its cultural and metaphorical potentialities. We aimed
to position artistic research in a path that eschews
any conclusion of the creative process. This assumes
an understanding that knowledge is unstable, and that
it is impossible to fully map the territory. Deriving from
Krauss’s “expanded field” (1979) – a notion that has itself
expanded throughout most artistic disciplines
– Expansive Territories seeks to sustain that expansion.
It proposes the volatility of the frame, where the process
keeps redefining its own rules and dynamics. Art has always
been in potential expansion, a “traversing territory in order
to retouch chaos” (Grosz 2008, 18). “[T]he history
of painting, and of art after painting, can be seen as
the action of leaving the frame, of moving beyond,
and pressing against the frame, the frame exploding
through the movement it can no longer contain” (ibid).
By contemplating a continuous expansion, we sought
to gain ground towards a sustained, active regenerative
artistic process, one that resists any formalization,
or attempt to seize and interrupt its continuous
transformations. Hence understanding expositions
dynamically (they problematise, not represent),
as knowledge, when represented, is already outdated.
The temporal displacement of the maps referred
in Michael Schwab’s essay, points to a dynamic reality
impossible to fully seize. Whatever our position,
we never see the whole reality.
While Carroll and Borges share the image
of a scale map, their description
of the map’s fate is distinctively
different. In Carroll’s text, that map
‘has never been spread out [since] the farmers
objected: they said it would cover the
whole country, and shut out the sunlight!’
The only way to imagine knowledge today is to accept that representation
has shattered into an ever-increasing amount of detailed but limited views. This map does
not cover a territory. It consists of sets of partially overlapping, differently sized patches
that mark points and times of interest. Areas of knowledge accumulate around
fashionable phenomena, past or present.
We have been in contact with Michael since the beginning
of Expansive Territories. His ideas on Artistic Research,
the notion of “exposition” and the motivations behind the
Society for Artistic Research, the Journal for Artistic Research
and the Research Catalogue, informed how we designed
our set of activities. He also participated in our workshop
on artistic research which took place in November 2021.
Here, artistic-researchers from OSSO, from the Research
Laboratory in Design and Arts (LIDA) and masters students
from the school of Arts and Design of Caldas da Rainha (ESAD),
created a temporary community of artistic research,
and shared processes.
Michael’s contribution for this publication dwells on
the paradoxical representation of knowledge, through
the idea of an ever fragmented, impossible map.
“The only way to imagine knowledge today is to accept that
representation has shattered into an ever-increasing amount
of detailed but limited views.” They do not cover the totality
of the world, they are not even objective as they result
from a particular perspective, a situated point of view,
“a view from a body, always a complex, structuring, and
structured body, versus the view from above, from nowhere,
from simplicity” (Haraway 1988, 589). “[T]he joining of partial views”,
views from somewhere in particular “into a collective subject
position” is what allows us to find a larger vision (ibid, 590) amid
the fragments.
How we might deal with this fragmentation is a concern
that is reflected across the four essays of this publication.
Credits
Expansive Territories
Editors
Published by
OSSO Research (coord. Diogo Alvim and Matilde Meireles 2020-22)
UNESCO Chair in Arts and Cultural Management, Cities and Creativity IPLeiria
(coord. Lígia Afonso)
Authors
Translation and Revision
José Roseira
Design
Prototype
Cláudio Nunes, Gonçalo Rocha and Rita Oliveira - Graphic Design Master Students
at Escola Superior de Artes e Design das Caldas da Rainha (ESAD.CR-IPLeiria)
Implementation and final design
Supervision
OSSO is funded by DGArtes, República Portuguesa.
© OSSO 2023
Thanks to
António Gomes, Rita Oliveira, Michael Schwab, Teresa Luzio, Sara Morais, Joana Braga, Ruth Bernatek and Pedro Tropa.
Reference
Alvim, Diogo, Meireles, Matilde (eds.), (2023). Expansive Territories / Territórios Expansivos. ed. bilingue pt/eng, online. Caldas da Rainha, Portugal: OSSO and UNESCO Chair in Arts and Cultural Management, Cities and Creativity IPLeiria (co-publishing).
ISBN 978-989-53715-8-7
In some sense, this map never became real, touching
the ground only as a monument to itself, the idea of its creators.
In Borges’s version, however, the map was rolled out, thus
interfering with life. Discovering the map’s uselessness only when
it was too late, it was
‘delivered […] up to the Inclemencies
of Sun and Winters’
broken apart by them.
* The ideas and opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors; they are not necessarily those of UNESCO and do not commit the Organization.
The difference here between Carroll’s
and Borges’s accounts may be explained
by the former’s mathematical inclination
and the latter’s work as a librarian or by the different
historical periods in which those texts were written:
separated by fifty-odd years, they bridge the two world wars
and the dawning of the atomic age. Whatever
the reason for the different image of the map
in those texts is, in Carroll, the map may
be folded,
‘In the Deserts of the West,’ Borges continues
‘still today, there are Tattered Ruins of that
Map, inhabited by Animals and Beggars;
in all the Land there is no other Relic
of the Disciplines of Geography.’
Some may even walk onto or off these pieces
without even realizing it.
as it approaches its perfect scale goes hand
in hand with its fragmentation.
Lacking an idea, purpose or perhaps merely
the capacity of holding knowledge together
in the way a single map can seems too difficult
on all accounts.
Michael Schwab
is a London-based artist and artistic researcher
who investigates postconceptual uses of technology
in a variety of media including photography, drawing,
printmaking, and installation art. He holds a M.A. in philosophy
(Hamburg University) and a PhD in photography (Royal College of Art, London)
that focuses on post-conceptual post-photography and artistic research
methodology. He is the founding Editor-in-Chief of the Journal for Artistic
Research (JAR), co-editor of Intellectual Birdhouse. Artistic Practice
as Research. (2012), co-editor of The Exposition of Artistic Research:
Publishing Art in Academia (2013), editor of the book Experimental Systems.
Future Knowledge in Artistic Research (2015) as well as the editor
of Transpositions. Aesthetico-Epistemic Operators in Artistic Research. (2018).
His most recent book, Futures of the Contemporary. Contemporaneity,
Untimeliness, and Artistic Research, co-edited with Paulo de Assis,
was published in 2019. Through a focus on experimentation
and the exposition of practice as research, Schwab has developed
a conceptual approach that links artistic freedom with academic criticality
in support of what has been called the 'practice turn in contemporary theory'.