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The histories, stories, and names of Chinese railroad workers who dedicated their lives to constructing the U.S. Transcontinental Railroad have remained in the shadows for over a century. Completed in 1869, the railroad was a monumental achievement in America’s ‘Manifest Destiny’ during the nineteenth century. But despite their contributions, the Chinese laborers have not received the recognition they deserve. This project seeks to remember Chinese railroad workers via arts-based research methods (ABR). Archives are not merely repositories of the past but also products of political power. In this light, the project poses a key methodological question: How can art-making critically reconfigure the power of archives and lost history? We seek to ask questions, initiate a dialogue, acknowledge the absence, and give form to the invisible. Building upon the historical recovery work of previous scholars, we reconstruct fragmented pieces through remixed artworks. The current article highlights key artworks that demonstrate the scope and variety of a much larger project (Yu 2025b). We dedicate this work to the Chinese master railroad builders––to the great-grandfathers––whose stories and names demand remembrance.

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  • contents
    • Title Page
    • Table of Contents
    • Introduction: Remembering Chinese Railroad Workers
    • Historical Background
    • Questions of Representation
    • Art Based Research Models
    • Artwork Production
    • The East and The West
    • One-Eyed Bossy Man
    • Blood Wall in Prison
    • China Wall
    • Ceramic Sherds: Bamboo
    • Ceramic Sherds: Double Happiness
    • Collapse (崩)
    • Reflections on Art Making and Political Resistance
    • Appendix: Black Out Poetry
    • References
    • Declaration
    • Haoqing Yu, J.R. Osborn
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    The histories, stories, and names of Chinese railroad workers who dedicated their lives to constructing the U.S. Transcontinental Railroad have remained in the shadows for over a century. Completed in 1869, the railroad was a monumental achievement in America’s ‘Manifest Destiny’ during the nineteenth century. But despite their contributions, the Chinese laborers have not received the recognition they deserve. This project seeks to remember Chinese railroad workers via arts-based research methods (ABR). Archives are not merely repositories of the past but also products of political power. In this light, the project poses a key methodological question: How can art-making critically reconfigure the power of archives and lost history? We seek to ask questions, initiate a dialogue, acknowledge the absence, and give form to the invisible. Building upon the historical recovery work of previous scholars, we reconstruct fragmented pieces through remixed artworks. The current article highlights key artworks that demonstrate the scope and variety of a much larger project (Yu 2025b). We dedicate this work to the Chinese master railroad builders––to the great-grandfathers––whose stories and names demand remembrance.
  • Haoqing Yu, J.R. Osborn - Beneath the Steel: Chinese Railroad Workers, Lost Histories, and Art as Remembrance - 2025
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Table of Contents

 

Introduction: Remembering Chinese Railroad Workers

Historical Background

Questions of Representation

Art Based Research: Making the Invisible Visible

Artwork Production


Select Artworks

The East and the West

One-Eyed Bossy Man

Blood Wall in Prison

China Wall

Ceramic Sherds: Bamboo

Ceramic Sherds: Double Happiness

Collapse (崩)

Appendix: Black Out Poetry

 

Reflections on Art Making and Political Resistance

 

References

Declaration