Sufi music in Syria and Morocco by Daniel Daniel

My Bachelor's project investigates the spellbinding Sufi music practices by questioning and comparing its origins and traditions in two culturally significant locations: Syria and Morocco. It is interesting in the various but spiritually connected manner of two prominent Sufi orders—the Qadiri Boutchichi Tarika in Morocco and the Naqshbandi Tarika in Syria. These orders not only serve as spiritual guides but also play a central role in preserving and disseminating the unique art of Sufi music. This artistic research consisted of different steps. I interviewed two Sufi musicians, the first one from Morocco and the second one from Damascus. The questions were focused on the differences and the similarities between the two cultures, instruments, melodies, and rhythm. I studied Sufi music from Arabic sources as well, so I had to translate many important historical facts, taking into account the ethics of the research. I relied on my musical background in this research as part of the Syrian Sufi music and on my tours during Sufi music festivals, where I met Sufi musicians from different countries. Being a seasoned Sufi music practitioner myself, I tried to add a personal touch to this work based on my experience. I found many cultural differences between the two Sufi music styles, but I found many similarities at the same time. Two countries in different places far from each other have wide cultural diversities, but the same rhythm is the key to making the conversation with the divine. Dhikr is a mutual element as well, even though it has some special details related to the geographical region. Keywords: Sufism, Sufi music, Morocco, Damascus, Universal, History

Dhikr In Damascus and Morocco

Dhikr in Damascus

- Importance of Dhikr: Dhikr is an essential part of Sufi worship in Damascus, used to enhance spirituality and connect with God. Dhikr is considered a means of purifying the heart and mind and directing the soul towards God. Importance and Effects ofRemembrance (dhikr) in Socio- Psychological Terms, AÜÝFD XLIX (2008), sayý II, s. 217-236 URL Importance and Effects of Remembrance (dhikr) in Socio-Psychological Terms

- Methods and Practices: Methods of Dhikr in Damascus include collective Dhikr, supplication, and meditation. Collective Dhikr is used in mosques and Sufi centres to unite disciples and enhance collective spirituality. There is a Solo Dhikr as well, performed by one Imam or Sufi singer, the people will only reflect with glorifying god and invoke blessings upon the Prophet.

من حلقات الذكر في دمشق بحضور الشيخ نصوح مارديني (9)

Dhikr in Morocco

- Importance of Dhikr: Dhikr is an essential part of Sufi worship in Morocco, used to enhance spirituality and connect with God. Dhikr is considered a means of purifying the heart and mind and directing the soul towards God. Importance and Effects ofRemembrance (dhikr) in Socio- Psychological Terms, AÜÝFD XLIX (2008), sayý II,

s. 217-236

URL Importance and Effects of Remembrance (dhikr) in Socio-Psychological Terms

- Methods and Practices: Methods of dhikr in Morocco include collective dhikr, drum, and Sufi music. Sufi music is used in dhikr to create an atmosphere of spirituality and meditation.

ذكر الله بصوت تقشعر له الابدان السماع الصوفي للزاوية القادرية البودشيشية

Comparison

- Comparison of Methods: Comparing the methods of dhikr in Damascus and Morocco shows the influence of local culture on religious practices. In Damascus, the focus is on collective dhikr and supplication, while in Morocco, the drum and Sufi music are used in dhikr. Both nations share similar traditions of glorifying God, remembering Him, and invoking blessings upon the Prophet. The spiritual essence of Dhikr (remembrance of God) in Morocco and Damascus remains identical when delving into the esoteric meanings.

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Daniel Daniel - Sufi music in Syria and Morocco - 2025