TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

INTRODUCTION

1. BACKGROUND THEORY

1. 1.  Defining “Playing by ear”

1. 1. 1.  Historical overview

1. 2. Aural skills

1. 2. 1. Chenette

1. 2. 2. Kodály

1. 2. 3. Gordon

1. 2. 4. McPherson

1. 3. Music as a language

1. 3. 1. Integrating music skills: McPherson, Konings and Paul Harris

1. 4. Adult education: Knowles et al.

1. 5. Synthesis

2. METHODOLOGY

2. 1. Action research

2. 2. Research steps

2. 3. Data collection: 

           2. 3. 1. Who

           2. 3. 2. What

           2. 3. 3. Where

           2. 3. 4. When

           2. 3. 5. How

a. Interviews

b. Observations of music lessons

c. My personal experimentation data

d. Experiment: audio recordings and lesson plans

2. 4. Data analysis

2. 4. 1. Data reduction and translation

2. 4. 2. Reflection summaries

2. 5. Validation Strategies

2. 6. Role of the teacher

2. 7. Ethical considerations

3. DATA COLLECTION

  a. Interviews

         b. Observations of music lessons

         c. Report of my own experience

         d. The experiment

         e. Synthesis of key insights after the experiment

4. EXERCISES BOX: "The path from ear to hand"

4.1. Echo patterns

4.2. Call and response

4.3. Modeling

4.4. Improvisation

4.5. Practicing with recordings

4.6. Playing with peers

5. DISCUSSION

6. CONCLUSIONS

BIBLIOGRAPHY 

List of references

APPENDIX

a. Audio recordings

b. Critical friend's reports

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