Drawing as continously guided Practice: A Phenomenological Foundation of the Sketch&Draw Method
(2025)
author(s): Tanja K. Hess
published in: Research Catalogue
This essay examines drawing as a consciously guided practice for fostering creative problem‐solving and idea generation. At its center lies the Sketch&Draw method, with its core principle of the “fluttering line.” Drawing on Stephen R. Covey’s (1989) concept of the space between stimulus and response, Mihály Csikszentmihályi’s (1990) flow theory, and Maurice Merleau‐Ponty’s (1945) notion of embodiment, it develops—via the Sketch&Draw method—the central principle of the “fluttering line.” Through workshop analyses and practice sketches from sketchanddraw.com, it is evident how the visual noise of the fluttering line opens a mental space in which spontaneous impulses and effortless presence both set the creative process in motion and give it structure. Participant reports illustrate how these uncontrolled networks of strokes are later experienced as “whispered impulses” that support the flow state. Finally, the essay discusses potentials, fields of application, and methodological limits in artistic, technical, and academic contexts, and outlines proposals for further empirical and interdisciplinary research.
Drawing in the In-Between – ma, Intelligens and the Sketch&Draw Method
(2025)
author(s): Tanja K. Hess
published in: Research Catalogue
On drawing as a practice of the in-between in the sense of the Japanese concept ma. Using the Sketch&Draw method, it is shown that drawing is neither mere representation nor pure invention, but a dialogical process between perception, memory, hand, and world. Neuroscientific models such as Predictive Coding demonstrate that each line is a proposal by the brain of how the world might be, which is then fed back and refined in the process of drawing. The hand appears not as a mere tool, but as a thinking organ, tightly coupled with perception and memory.
Referring to Mihály Csíkszentmihályi’s theory of Flow, it is shown that the immediacy of hand drawing – in contrast to digital procedures – is decisive for entering a state in which perception and action seamlessly merge. Philosophical perspectives from Maurice Merleau-Ponty and Tim Ingold highlight that the line is not merely a boundary, but a resonance space in which the invisible can become manifest.
Drawing thus proves to be a process of knowledge, one that unfolds slowly, comparable to a species-rich meadow: unplannable, yet not random. In the in-between of world and subject, line and gaze, a form of knowledge emerges that can be understood as Intelligens – a creative third way beyond control and helplessness.
